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By adopting agroforestry method, the land lying idle in the country can be utilized properly. Through this system, farmers can get various types of essential commodities like timber, fuel, wood for agricultural machinery, green fodder, silk, honey, grains, fruits and raw materials for cottage industries etc. from their own fields. Through agroforestry, the fertility of land can be increased by planting nitrogen-fixing trees like subbool, anjan, rosewood, siram, neem, acacia etc. Fertility can be increased by mixing maximum amount of organic matter in the soil through the leaves of pulse crops and trees. Along with this, the amount of chemical fertilizers can be reduced. The use of land increases with the method of agroforestry and the risks in crop production decrease.
Agroforestry is such a method of land management, under which animal husbandry is also done along with the production of agricultural crops and multipurpose trees/shrubs on the same piece of land. The fertile power of the land is increased by the method of agroforestry. In simple words, the method of growing trees (fruitful, timber, fuel) along with crops is called agroforestry.
agroforestry practices
The following main methods of agroforestry are prevalent. Farmers can adopt methods according to their convenience.
1. Agro-Forest System: In this system, along with agricultural crops, trees are planted which provide fodder, fuel, timber.
2. Agro-Horticulture System: In this system, fruit trees are planted along with agricultural crops.
3. Agro-Forest-Horticulture System: Along with the crops, trees that provide fruit and fodder, fuel, timber are grown.
4. Forest-Pasture System: In this system, trees are planted along with grasses, pulses which provide fodder. This method is done on such land where cultivation (crops) cannot be done.
5. Horticulture-Pasture System: In this, along with grasses that provide fodder, fruit trees are planted. This method is adopted on the waste land.
6. Agriculture-Forest-Pasture System: In this system, along with trees in cultivable land, agricultural crops are planted in some parts of the land and fodder grasses in some parts.
7. Agriculture-Horticulture-Pasture System: In this system, along with fruit trees in cultivable land, agricultural crops are planted and grasses provide fodder in some parts of the land.
8. Boundary Plantation: In this method trees are planted all around the farm on the cultivable land.
Contribution of agroforestry in earning livelihood: –
Through agroforestry management, farmers get the means of self-employment, due to which they become self-dependent. Agroforestry provides one or the other work throughout the year. Such as nursery care, planting, grafting, weeding, spraying medicine to prevent diseases and insects, harvesting fruits, canning, marketing in the market, digging pits, putting cow dung and compost manure in pits, gum, bark Collecting seeds of trees, and fuel wood etc. In this way, means of self-employment are obtained from agroforestry. Along with this, raw materials for cottage industries are also supplied by the farmers, due to which they get self-sufficiency. In this way the free time of the farmers can be utilized in the management of agroforestry.
participation of women
Rural women get employment opportunities in the form of income from fruits and multi-purpose trees in the form of fuel, fruits, timber, fodder and materials for cottage industries, even when there is no crop in adverse weather conditions through agroforestry. Due to the scarcity of fuel wood, rural women use cow dung to make wells. If cow dung, which is used as fuel, can be used as manure, then 20 million tonnes of food grains can be produced every year. In villages, 80 percent of the energy is obtained from firewood.
women self help group
Self-help groups of women will have to be formed at the village level, through which rural women make an important contribution in providing raw materials for cottage industries. Women gather agricultural produce and work in cottage industries such as paper industry, rubber industry, wax industry, honey, furniture, wood for agricultural machinery, lacquer, paint and varnish, catechu, barks, bamboo baskets, herbs and fruit preservation etc. Contributes. Therefore, with the participation of rural women in the management of such programmes, these cottage industries will not only develop, but at the same time rural women will get employment opportunities.
Multipurpose trees and their utility for agroforestry
1. Exotic Acacia (Prosopis juliflora): Firewood, coal, fodder from legumes, nitrogen fixer.
2. Israeli acacia (Acacia tortilis): firewood nitrogen fixer.
3. Haldu (Adina cardifolia) – Agricultural implements, firewood.
4. Black Cirrus (Albizia amara): Firewood and timber, nitrogen fixer.
5. White Cirrus (Albizia procera): Agricultural implements, bats, fodder, nitrogen fixer.
6. Neem (Azadirecta indica): Firewood and timber, fodder, medicine and oil.
7. Semal (except Petandra): Legumes, match industry fiber and gum.
8. Casuarina (Cazurina species): Firewood, aeration inhibitor, nitrogen fixer.
9. Bamboo (Bambusa species): Animal feed, domestic work, house construction, soil conservation.
10. Mahua (Madhuca latifolia): Wheels of bullock cart, boat making, fruits and flowers, medicine and use of seeds, oil and cake.
11. Buckwheat (Melia azaderac): Animal feed, firewood.
12. Khair (Acacia catechu): Nitrogen fixer for firewood and small timber.
13. Acacia (Acacia nilotic): Wood gum, animal feed, agriculture and, nitrogen fixer.
14. Rosewood (Dalbergia species): Animal feed, wood for furniture, nitrogen fixer.
15. Subbool (Lucina leucocephala): Firewood and small timber, nitrogen fixer, fodder.
16. Khejri (Prosopis juliflora): Small timber, animal feed.
17. Native Cirrus (Albizia lebeck): Firewood, agricultural implements, fodder, nitrogen fixer.
18. Anjan (Hardwickia vinata): Animal feed, timber, nitrogen fixer.
19. Kardhai (Dychrostechis cinerea): Firewood, agricultural implements, soil conservation, animal fodder.
benefits of agroforestry
1. Ensuring agricultural production and increasing food grains.
2. Control in soil erosion.
3. Land Reforms.
4. Supply of fuel and timber.
5. Mobilizing more resources to increase cottage industries and providing more employment opportunities.
6. Protection of the environment.
7. To increase the production capacity of animals by providing them with good quality fodder throughout the year.
8. Improvement of barren and rugged land.
9. To increase the production of fruits.
10. Preventing cow dung from being used as fuel by supplying firewood and using it as manure.
Name and utility of fruit trees suitable for agroforestry.
1. Amla (Emblica officinalis): Medium sized medicinal fruit, important constituent of Triphala, firewood.
2. Ber (Zyzyphus morishiana): medium size, firewood, fodder, nutritious fruit.
3. Custard Apple (Annona squamosa): Medium size, firewood, nutritious fruit.
4. Mulberry (Morus alva): Medium size, useful for rearing insects, tasty fruit.
5. Bael (Aegle marmilus): Medium sized medicinal fruit, short timber.
6. Phalsa (Grevia asiatica): Medium sized medicinal fruit.
7. Moringa (Moringa oleifera): medium size, autumn fruit, medicinal and vegetable.
8. Mango (Mangifera indica): Large size, fruit, firewood and timber.
9. Jamun (Syzygium cumini): Large size, evergreen, fruit, firewood, seeds and bark.
10. Tamarind (Tamarindus ): Large size, fruit, animal feed, timber.
11. Jackfruit (Arthocarpusheterophilus): Large size, fruit and vegetable.
12. Chironji (Vaknania Lanjan): Medium size, fruit and wood.
agroforestry system
Agroforestry Practices Entry / State
traditional agroforestry practices
Uttis (Alnus nepalensis) based fruit based— North Eastern states- Sikkim, Nagaland, Arunachal Pradesh Himalayan region
Khejri (Prosopis cineraria) based— in some parts of Rajasthan, Gujarat
Bhimal (Gravia optiva) based — Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh Others: Mahua (Madhuca latifolia) — Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Chhattisgarh, Bihar,
Neem (Azedirachta indica),—Jharkhand rosewood (Dulvergia shisham) etc.
Commercial (quick income) agroforestry practices
Poplar (Papulus deltoidus) based— Haryana, Punjab, Western Uttar Pradesh Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus species) based— Haryana, Punjab, Western Uttar Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka
Subbool (Leucina leucocephala) based— Maharashtra, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh
Ardu-Maharukh (Ailanthus excelsa) based — Rajasthan, Gujarat,
Amla (Embilica officinalis) based— in Uttar Pradesh and other semi-arid areas
important point for agroforestry
1. The growth of trees should be fast.
2. Should have the tolerance for frequent pruning.
3. The roots of the trees are going to go deep, so that there is no competition between crops and trees in getting nutrients.
4. The spread of trees should be less, so that the effect of shadow on the crops is reduced.
5. Fewer branches emerge from the tree.
6. Fall of trees should be done at such a time that there is no harmful effect on the crop.
7. Leaves rot quickly in the soil after falling in the ground.
8. Trees should stabilize atmospheric nitrogen, so that the fertility of the land can increase.
9. The leaves of trees have more nutritious elements, so that animals eat them.
10. While selecting the trees, it should also be kept in mind that they should fulfill the social, economic and environmental needs of that area.
Hemant Kumar (Department of Floriculture and Landscape Art), Dr. Okesh Chandrakar (Department of Vegetable Science), Lalit Kumar Verma, Sonu Diwakar (M.Sc. 1st year)
Pandit Kishori Lal Shukla Horticulture College and Research Center, Rajnandgaon (Chhattisgarh)
English Summary: Increase profits from agriculture Published on: 30 July 2018, 07:37 IST