Many people like gardening at kitchen, and it’s easy to learn why. Growing your own flowers, herbs, and veggies may be a fulfilling activity that makes you feel accomplished and satisfied. There are many tips and methods to help you get the most out of your gardening efforts, whether you are an experienced gardener or are just getting started. We’ll provide you some helpful home gardening suggestions in this post to get you started on your gardening adventure. These suggestions can assist you in quickly growing a wholesome and fruitful garden, from picking the ideal area to harvesting your plants at the ideal moment.
Papaya is a nutritious and delicious fruit. Various nutritious elements like protein, carbohydrates, calcium, sodium and vitamins A, B, C are found in papaya fruit. Papaya has medicinal properties and is the best source of vitamin ‘A’ in fruits after mango, which is important for eyesight. Regular consumption of its fruits cures stomach related diseases. A digestive enzyme called papain is found in papaya, which is used to make many types of medicines. In , papaya is cultivated in an area of about 132,000 hectares with a production of about 5667 metric tons per year. Jam, jelly, fruity, etc. are made from papaya fruit. Papaya is a fruit that gets ready in 9-10 months, and production is also high, so its cultivation is becoming very popular among farmers. In , it is mainly cultivated in Bihar, Assam, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra and Uttar Pradesh. While cultivating papaya, some important things should be kept in mind so that there is no harm to the crop, the production is more so that there is economic benefit.
climate :
Hot and moist climate is considered good for the successful production of papaya. Low temperature affects plant growth and fruit development, which in turn affects the sweetness and flavor of the fruit. Dry weather at the time of fruit maturity enhances the sweetness of the fruit. 21-26 degree Celsius temperature is considered good for papaya fruit production. Frost is harmful for papaya.
Earth :
Loamy land is considered best for papaya cultivation, in which organic matter should be in high quantity. pH of the soil The value should be between 6.5-7.5. The field should be flat and there should be proper drainage system in the field, because in case of waterlogging, the possibility of disease increases.
species :
Pusa Nanha, Pusa Dwarf, Coorg Honeydew, Pusa Delicious, Pusa Majesty, Solo, Washington, Coimbatore-2, Coimbatore-3, Coimbatore-5, Red Lady, Surya, Taiwan etc.
Field preparation:
While selecting the field, special care should be taken that there should be proper drainage system in the field. Papaya should not be planted in waterlogged places. Before planting, the field should be leveled by plowing it 2-3 times with a soil turning plough.
Preparation of Nursery:
About 100 square meters is required for preparing saplings of one hectare area. Select the location of After that 5 meter long and 1 meter wide beds should be made and the height of the beds should be about 15-20 cm from the ground. Should be kept Before sowing seeds in these beds, impurities like pebbles, stones, weeds etc. should be removed from the beds and the beds should be treated with 25 percent formaldehyde. After this, mixing equal quantity of well rotten cow dung manure, sand and soil, prepare the mixture and after mixing it well in the soil, beds should be made. Sow the seeds in prepared beds at 10-15 cm. Should be sown at a distance of 1-2 cm and at a depth of 1-2 cm. 20 x 25 cm of 200 gauge for preparing saplings in polythene. Size bags should be used. Holes are made in the bottom of the bags and after that a mixture prepared by mixing cow dung, sand, leaf manure and soil in equal proportion is filled in the bags. 1-2 seeds are sown in prepared bags. Seeds germinate in 15-20 days after transplanting. When plants are of 4-5 leaves or 15-20 cm. When they are grown, they are planted in the main field.
Seed Quantity:
250-300 grams of seed is sufficient for one hectare area.
Seed treatment :
Papaya seeds should be treated with a drug called Captan at the rate of 2 grams per kilogram of seed.
Time of sowing :
To prepare papaya nursery, the seeds should be sown in the month of July-August.
Planting:
When the plants become 4-6 weeks old, the plants should be transplanted. Plant to plant distance should be kept according to the species. The distance of plants of dwarf species should be kept 1.25×1.25 square meters and the distance of plants of tall species should be kept 2×2 square meters. 15-20 days before transplanting of plants 50×50×50 cm. A pit should be made and about 20 kg of cow dung manure should be put in each pit. Neem cake should be put at the rate of 1 kg per pit, so that nematode disease can be avoided. At the time of planting a medicine called Chloropyriphos should be sprayed in the pits. So that the harmful effects caused by termites can be avoided.
Manures and Fertilizers:
Papaya is an early fruit bearing crop and requires more nutrients. Because papaya keeps producing fruits continuously after fruiting once. That is why it absorbs more nutrients from the land. Plants require 250 grams of nitrogen, 250 grams of phosphorus and 500 grams of potash throughout the year. Along with this, plants should be given 50 grams of sulphur, 50 grams of boron and 2.5 kg of vermicompost per plant. Nitrogen should be used in 2-3 times and Phosphorus and Potash should be used only once in the beginning.
Irrigation :
Irrigation should be done considering the lack of moisture in the land. Normally irrigation should be done at an interval of 4 to 6 days in summer and at an interval of 10 to 15 days in winter. The pond should be made for irrigation. Irrigation should be done immediately in case of excessive frost in winter so that the papaya crop does not get damaged due to frost.
weed control :
Papaya crop should have heads and weeding should be done from time to time with the help of spade. For chemical control, Glyphosate should be used at the rate of 1-2 kg medicine / hectare. At the time of weed control, soil should be offered on the stems of the plants so that the disease affecting the stems can be avoided.
Harvesting of fruits:
Fruits start getting ready after 9 to 10 months. If water comes out instead of milk when you touch the fruit with your fingernail, then it should be understood that the fruit is ready to be plucked.
Production :
The production of papaya is 30-40 tonnes per hectare, which also depends on the species.
Major diseases and pest control:
Major diseases:
Wet Melting :
It is a serious disease in the nursery. The effect of which is on newly sprouted plants, the stem of the plant rots near the ground and the plant withers and falls.
Management :
1. The soil of the nursery should be treated with 5% formalin solution before sowing the seeds and covered with gunny bags for 48 hours.
2. Seeds should be sown after treating them with Cocaptan or Thiram at the rate of 2 grams per kilogram of seed.
3. When the symptoms appear, a mixture of metalaxyl and mancozeb should be sprayed by making a solution of 2 grams per liter of water.
Stem and root rot:
In this disease water spots appear on the stem. The leaves of the plant wither and turn yellow and the plant dries up and falls.
Management :
1. There should be proper arrangement of water drainage in the field.
2. Near the roots of the plants, the root, stem, and surrounding soil should be thoroughly soaked with Dithane M-45 0.2 percent or Bavistin 0.1 percent solution.
3. Soil should be applied on the stem of the plants so that water does not freeze near the roots.
Leaf Blight Disease :
It is a serious viral disease of papaya. Due to white fly, this disease spreads in the whole field. Due to this disease the leaves get curled, the size becomes small and the leaves become tufted.
Management :
1. Uproot the diseased plant and bury it in the soil.
2. For the control of white fly, spray dimethoate dissolved in 1 ml/liter of water.
Major Pests :
Mainly there is a lot of outbreak of white fly, aphid and mite etc. in papaya crop.
Control :
For the control of these pests, a drug named Metasystax should be sprayed at the rate of per hectare after making a solution in 1 liter of water.
Dr. Amit Kanojia 1, Tel – 7000041406, Email – amit_bbt@rediffmail.com
Ankit Kumar Goyal 2, Dr. Rajeev Kumar Singh 1, Nupur Jaiswal 3,
1. Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Jalaun, Uttar Pradesh
2. Department of Horticulture, Baba Saheb Bhiv Rao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh
3. School of Agriculture, I.T.M. University, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh
English Summary: Let’s cultivate papaya and earn millions Published on: 06 October 2018, 05:52 IST