Many people like gardening at kitchen, and it’s easy to learn why. Growing your own flowers, herbs, and veggies may be a fulfilling activity that makes you feel accomplished and satisfied. There are many tips and methods to help you get the most out of your gardening efforts, whether you are an experienced gardener or are just getting started. We’ll provide you some useful home gardening advice in this post to get you started on your gardening adventure. These suggestions can assist you in quickly growing a wholesome and fruitful garden, from picking the ideal area to harvesting your plants at the ideal moment.
Maize Crop in
Maize is currently being used as human feed (24%), poultry feed (44%), animal feed (16%), starch (14%), alcohol (1%) and seed (1%). Is.
Maize, the food of the poor, has now started increasing the glory of the table of the rich due to its nutritious properties. Maize grain contains 10 percent protein, 70 percent carbohydrate, 4 percent oil, 2.3 percent crude fiber, 1.4 percent ash and 10.4 percent albuminoid. 30-40 percent oil is found in the embryo of maize. Maize protein lacks two essential amino acids called tryptophan and lysine.
But tryptophan and lysine are found in sufficient quantity in special type of high protein maize which provides proper diet and nutrition to poor people as well as nutritious food for animals. Quality Protein Maize is rich in lysine and tryptophan and less in leucine and isoleucine.
Comparative Study of Quality Protein Maize
|
simple corn |
Quality Protein Maize |
|
|
lysine |
1.88% |
4.07% |
|
tryptophan |
0.35% |
0.92% |
|
lucene |
14.76% |
9.19% |
|
iso leucine |
4.13% |
3.63% |
|
protein content |
8.49% |
9.22% |
This is a hybrid variety of maize created by the breeders by adding OPAQUE-2 gene.
Why cultivate maize
In South Rajasthan, 45 percent of the population uses maize as the main food and at present the prices of pulses have increased so much that not all people are able to consume them. Quality Protein Due to the essential pulse protein present in maize, it will prove to be a cheap source of pulse protein for all.
How to choose the land and prepare the field
Maize can be cultivated in almost all types of arable land, but deep fertile loamy soil is best for maximum yield, which has good air circulation and drainage and is rich in organic matter. The pH value of soil between 6.5 to 7.5 (i.e. neither acidic nor alkaline) is suitable for maize crop. Where there is a possibility of accumulation of water, the maize crop gets destroyed. It has been found beneficial to sow maize in the rainy season by soil furrow method with a gap of 60 cm in the field.
In order to increase the water and air holding capacity of the land and to make it sleepless, after plowing the land deeply in summer, it should be left for some time. After the first rain, the soil should be made soft by plowing the field twice with native plow or harrow, after that the field is leveled by running the ploughshare. At the time of last ploughing, cow dung manure or compost should be mixed in the soil.
Improved varieties
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HQPM-1, HQPM-5, HQPM-7, HQPM-9: It is a yellow colored variety having duration of 90-100 days and gives 40-50 qtl/ha yield.
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VIVEK QPM-9- It has a duration of 80 to 85 days with yellow color and yields 30-35 quintals per hectare.
Proper sowing time
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Maize is sown in at the onset of rains. In different parts of the country, maize is mainly sown with the onset of rainy season from the last week of June to the first fortnight of July. Early sowing of maize is beneficial because late sowing leads to reduction in yield.
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October last week to November 15 is considered the right time for Rabi sowing.
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The time from the last week of February to the third week of March is suitable for sowing Zayed crop.
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Compared to Kharif crop, i.e. Maize gives more yield because there is more problem of pests along with weeds in Kharif. There is more loss of nutrients and due to change in the weather, the plants do not get proper sunlight due to which good yield is not possible. Whereas in Rabi, along with correct water and soil management, the pest and disease and weed outbreaks are reduced and the right amount of light is also available to the crop.
What is the correct seed rate of maize?
Certified seeds of hybrid maize should be sown every year from a reliable institute. For package maize, one year old corn seeds which are well preserved are good for seed. As soon as the first crop is harvested, beautiful and shapely cobs of the healthy crop should be sorted and stored properly for sowing in the next year. As far as possible, after separating the seeds from the cob by hand, it is good to use only the grains in the middle of the ear. The seeds separated by beating or machine get broken due to which germination is not good. The upper and lower kernels of the cob have not been found to be stronger than the middle kernels. Before sowing, it is good to find out the germination power of the seed. If germination test has not been done, it is better to sow more seeds per unit.
Quality Protein for Maize
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Seed Rate (Kg. Per Acre) 18-20
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row to row distance (cm) 60-75
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Plant to plant distance (cm.) 20-22
2-3 cm in rabi with the help of tractor driven table planter or indigenous plough. And 3.5-5.0 cm in Zayed and Kharif. Seeds should be sown at a depth of Sowing can be done by any method but the total number of plants in the field should be kept at 65-75 thousand per hectare. After 15-20 days of seed germination or 15-20 cm. It is necessary to establish the optimum number of plants in the field by pruning unnecessary dense plants and establishing proper distance between the plants. It is advisable to keep only one plant at one place in all types of maize.
Methods of sowing maize
There are three methods of sowing maize, such as sprinkler, behind the plow and dibbler method, which are as follows:
Sprinkling Method: Normally all the farmers sow seeds by sprinkling, so that the seeds do not fall at proper distance and the distance is also not achieved properly and optimum number of plants per unit is not achieved. And after this, there is a lot of difficulty in weeding the crop and seeds are also more.
Row Dwarf: Sowing of seeds in the furrow behind the plow is the best method in which proper row to row distance is kept so that the optimum number of plants is obtained. This also gives more yield. Maz planter is also used for sowing of maize.
Alternate tillage-sowing
It has been found from the research results that by adopting techniques like zero tillage, rotary tillage and furb method, the farmer can reduce the cost of production and get more production.
Zero tillage or zero-terrain technology
In zero tillage method, after harvesting the previous crop, the new crop is sown by machine without tilling. In this method, fertilizers and seeds are sown together without plowing the field. By this method sowing can be done in all types of soil except clay soil. Zero tillage machine is like an ordinary drill, but the tine is like a knife. This tine creates a groove-shaped crack in the soil, in which fertilizers and seeds reach the right depth in proper quantity.
Sowing by Ferb Technique
This method saves a lot of fertilizers and seeds and production is also not affected. This technology is also being used for maize seed production. In this, maize is sown in rows on ridges with tractor operated riser cum drill. Good quality seeds are produced from this.
Manure and Fertilizer
Maize is termed as a heavy crop, which means that it requires a large amount of nutrients. On an average 175 kg from the ground to get a good crop of quality maize. Nitrogen, 40 kg. Phosphorus and 25 kg zinc sulphate is required. Complete zinc sulphate should be given at the time of sowing. Nitrogen is given by dividing into four parts:
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1/4 at the time of sowing
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1/4 at 6-8 leaf stage
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quarter blossom stage
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at quarter grain stage
Irrigation on time
Maize requires more water to produce per unit yield than other crops. In the research results, it has been found that due to lack of water during vegetative growth (25-30 days) and female flowering (at the stage of cob formation) in maize, there is considerable reduction in the yield. There should be no water shortage in any form during female flowering stage to get good yield. In case of rain in Kharif season, two to three life-saving irrigations are required as per requirement.
Rabi maize in Rajasthan requires 4 to 6 irrigations. If there is facility of 6 irrigations, then it is beneficial to irrigate at 4-5 leaf stage, before and immediately after the plant comes to the knees, at the time of male manjari, at the time of grain filling and at the time of grain hardening. If limited water is available, about 30 to 38 percent water can be saved by leaving one drain and giving water in another drain. In general, maize plants 2.5 to 4.3 ml. Consumes water every day. According to the season, 500 mm of corn is given in the whole life time (110-120 days). Took. to 750 ml. Water is required. In the event of water logging in the maize field, the crop gets heavily damaged. Therefore, as far as possible, make arrangements for drainage in the field.
How to protect crop from weeds
Maize crop is affected by weeds in all the three seasons. If weed control is not done on time, the yield of maize decreases by 50-60 percent. For crop weed competition, 30-45 days from sowing is considered as critical time. In maize, the first weeding is done after 3-4 weeks, after which 1-2 weeks after hoeing the land between the rows by bullock machines, there is sufficient benefit. According to the convenience, second hoeing can be done with hoe etc. In the life-time on the plants sown in the row, when they are 10-15 cm. If you are high, it is very good to offer soil once. By doing this the aerial roots of the plants are covered and they get new support so that they do not fall. When the maize plant is thrown back on the ground, it usually breaks, due to which it is just a matter of hopelessness to expect some yield.
For the initial 30-40 days, for the control of one-year-old grass and broad-leaf weeds, atrazine, 1.0 to 1.5 kg per hectare dissolved in 1000 liters of water, should be sprinkled in the field immediately after sowing. It is necessary to have sufficient moisture on the soil surface at the time of spraying of herbicides. Apart from this, a chemical named Alachlor 50 EC (Lasso) mixed with 1000 liters of water at the rate of 3-4 liters per hectare and sprinkled evenly in the field after sowing also controls weeds for 30-40 days in the crop. After this, once in 6-7 weeks, the maize crop can be kept completely weed-free by doing hand weeding and earthing up.
Threshing
The prevailing advanced varieties of maize take about 90 to 110 days from sowing to ripening. Maize starts flowering only after 30-50 days of sowing and after 60-70 days the green cobs are ready to be eaten by roasting or boiling. Generally, the varieties of Sankul and hybrid maize look green even after ripening, so instead of waiting for their drying, they should be plucked after cobs. A man can break and peel 500-800 cobs in a day. Stacking of wet cobs can lead to mildew, due to which the quality of the grains deteriorates. Therefore, the cobs should be peeled and dried in the sun until the moisture content in the grains becomes less than 15 percent. After this the grains are separated from the husk. This action is called shelling.
produce and storage
Generally, the yield of hybrid maize under irrigated conditions is 50-60 quintals, and the yield of complex maize is 45-50 quintals./ha. can be obtained up to For proper storage of maize, moisture up to 12.5 – 13% is correct. After drying the seeds should be kept in a clean place.
Tikendra Kumar Yadav and Nupur Sharma
(Department of Agricultural Sciences)
English Summary: The cheapest source of protein in rising inflation Published on: 24 May 2018, 04:55 IST