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Mangoes are at the top among all fruits in . There is a lot of demand for this fruit not only in the country but also abroad. Mangoes are available in almost all the states in , but the variety of mango fruit is different in each state. Today farmers are earning good income from mango cultivation. Everyone cultivates mangoes, but many times there is an outbreak of diseases and pests in mangoes. This causes more damage to the mango crop. In such a situation, farmers should prevent these diseases and pests in time. Let us give you information about the major diseases and pests affecting mangoes today.
Mango pests and their prevention
mango oil
It is a major pest of mango. These green mealy bugs suck the juice of buds, flower stalks and new leaves, due to which they wither and dry up. There are two generations of this pest in a year during February, April, June and July. To avoid this, trees should be planted at a longer distance, so that they can get sunlight properly. The drainage of water in the garden should be kept correct. Apart from this, spraying Malathion 50 EC 500 ml or Carbaryl 50 DLP 1.5 kg in 500 liters of water at the end of February and again at the end of March effectively controls the pest.
mango mealybug
During December and January, mealybugs, which look like walnuts, emerge from the eggs in the ground, climb the tree and get deposited under the leaves. These insects suck the juice by gathering like bunches on the growing twigs from January to April, as a result of which the twigs start drying. To protect it, a polythene strip should be left 30 cm on the stem at a height of one meter from the ground in the middle of December and to eliminate the insects collected under the strip, 1 ml of Profeniphos should be applied. Per liter of water or Diziyan 20 EC 250 ml should be sprayed in 50 liters of water,
stem borer
The caterpillars of this insect are 6 to 8 cm long, yellow in colour, whose mouthparts are very strong. These insects make tunnels in the trunk and branches under the bark and eat it from inside. These caterpillars bite the stem more than eat it. The branches of the tree affected by this key start breaking in the wind. To prevent this, good plowing should be done under the trees during June, July, so that the heat of the sun kills the insect. In addition to this, mixing 2 ml of konfidhor in one liter of water and closing it with soil on the tip of the stem, the insects die.
cabbage cutter
The caterpillars of this insect are yellow orange in colour. Initially, these insects feed by making holes in the veins of the leaves. After this, they also start eating new twigs. This insect remains active from July to October. This pest causes more damage to old trees. To prevent this, 125 ml dichlorvas mixed with 250 liters of water should be sprayed at the rate of per acre.
Mango diseases and their prevention
Tahnimar disease
In this disease, dark brown spots start forming on the leaves. The twigs dry up and spots also start forming on the flowers. To prevent this diseased branches should be cut and Bordeaux paste should be applied. Apart from this, copper oxychloride should be sprayed at the rate of 3 grams per one liter.
Black Tip (Kala Sera)
In mango, this disease spreads due to the poisonous gas coming out of the kilns. The fruits become clumsy from the end and ripen quickly and half of the fruit gets spoiled. To prevent this, 2 spraying should be done before flowering by mixing 6 grams of borax in one liter of water from February to April. After fruit set, do third spray of copper oxy chloride. During the months of July to September the unkempt bunches should be cut and the plants should be properly fertilized.
bunch mustache disease
In this disease, bunches of buds are formed, which come in place of flowers and also have small leaves. To prevent this, first of all the diseased clusters should be cut and at an interval of 10 to 12 days spraying should be done by mixing a mixture of Captan 0.2 percent and Methalion 0.1 percent.
white powdery mildew
In this disease, white powder is covered on flowers and inflorescences, due to which flowers and small developing fruits fall. If affected by this disease, the size of the fruits also remains small. To prevent this, Carathion 1 gram per liter or Calyxin 0.2 percent should be sprayed immediately after fruit set.
harvest and produce
Mango fruits should be picked at full maturity. Utmost care must be taken to avoid injury. The maturity of fruits can be assessed in the orchard itself. When a fruit develops a slight color of a cultivar or attains a light green color, the fruit is ripe. The trees should not be shaken for harvesting, as the fruits are injured when they fall. It then invites rotting fungi. Maturity varies across time zones. In Haryana Punjab, early maturing varieties mature from mid-June to early July and late maturing varieties mature late in August. 100 to 125 kg tree yield can be taken from a healthy and mature mango tree.
English Summary: Major pests, diseases and prevention of mangoes Published on: 15 October 2020, 01:37 IST